How does the X-ray Machine at Airport Security Work?
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Awesome job man hope you win that laser cutter. Old CRT TVs, Piernas designed this one to be built from scratch. It utilizes a modified ZVS Mazzilli driver which can push 150V at 110kHz, and a Cockroft-Walton multiplier shoots that up to a blistering 65kV.
Absorbed x-ray photons essentially equate to 'dose'. I am an avid collector of different valves and interesting vacuum or gas filled electron tubes. But before I start I have to point out, that xrays are really dangerous! To protect my enviroment, I use plenty of lead.
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During calibration you will make a table, similar to this one, of Geiger readings at various locations around the X-ray machine at different voltages. To test that your shielding is working, turn on the X-ray machine and stand safely behind the shielding (the place labeled "Experimenter" in this image) with the Geiger counter in your hands. Make sure that the X-ray machine is unplugged and turned off. Record what the normal background radiation reading is.
The counter should be able to measure gamma and X-rays. Students may be able to borrow one from school or a local lab. The failure my first trials experienced were that of false reading. My Geiger counter is open framed, so it is susceptible to Ion wind discharges or corona from exposed wires at close distances.
Introduction: Homemade X-ray Generator
If you want to irradiate objects or organisms in close proximity to the tube, you might want to shield the entire tube, leaving no openings . You can form a concrete igloo around the tube with concrete bricks, or use lead sheets to completely cover the tube. This will keep the X-rays in the area enclosed by the shielding, as long as there is no opening in the material.
Inside there is a xray sensitive foil, which converts the xrays into visible light (f.e. green light). This foil is placed behind the object you want to shine through. Examine the biological affects of different doses of radiation inZapping Yeast with X-rays.
How to Build an X-ray Machine
Also, with this experiment, you are most likely violating your state’s radiation safety laws. As fun as it is for these experiments, please do it safely and talk to your state agency first. They are there to help and keep you safe, even from yourself. Safety CheckThis X-ray machine requires you to hook up and use a high-voltage power supply. Accidental contact with high voltage supplying sufficient energy can result in severe injury or death.
The output voltage of my multiplier should be in that region (flyback 5 kV + 10x Multiplier). You don't specify an energy or a particular tube. Depending on the exact energy of the X-rays, the bare minimum thickness of the lead required varies by a factor of around 200.
Step 4: The Photographic Xray Film
The characteristic xray-lines aren't important for the highest possible energy. Therefore the Material of the Anode isn't really important, as long as the thickness of the lead is calculated for the maximum of the energy. As you can see in the circuit, the xray tube is connected to the high voltage. To Limit the current, there should be a 2.2 MOhm resistor (10 W/40kV-type).
Hence, security X-ray machines usually have the highest level of quality with increased magnification capabilities and high-definition images. X-ray machines use radiation to detect the presence of harmful or illegal objects in parcels and closed compartments without opening them. Here in the USA I have had dentists use my finger to hold the film in place. I’m not sure as what you are wanting to say with “These days every desent dentist haves a digital X-Ray machine of course”.
A high-powder load would pass through, and given the specific application is precisely calibrated to achieve the best image possible while still giving the patient the smallest possible 'dose' of radiation. For further information, auntminnie.com is a great resource, as well as any books by Stuart Bushong and Carlton-Adler. I made a tube for the purpose of making a tube as a project, my goal wasn't imaging.
The table of values should be sufficient to determine the radiation potential of the machine. If you are irradiating samples, then you can use this procedure to determine their exposure based on distance from the tube. Otherwise, this is useful as a benchmark for safety when using the machine. Observe the reading on the Geiger counter. From the moment that the X-ray machine is turned on, the Geiger counter should have a much higher reading than normal.
If it has audio features, it might begin beeping much more than usual. This indicates that the machine is working. Make sure you have tested what normal background readings are before you turn on the X-ray machine. Now that the machine has been built, you need to make sure that it actually works and that the shielding is sufficient.
I’m sure the digital Xray equipment still has to create Xray energy to produce the digitized image . No doubt plenty of good dentists still use the film Xray technology, and serve their patients well. Digital doesn’t always mean better, or safer to any large degree.
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I use the popular ZVS-circuit, an AC-flyback transformer and a cascade, to increase the Output-voltage up to kV. For the cascade I took 10nF/20kV capacitors and 20kV/5mA diodes. You'll also need a powerful transformer (f.e. a 12V/250VA like mine).
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